Raam Leelaநூல்
Raam Leela · Valmiki’s Ramayana
இராம லீலை · வால்மீகி இராமாயணம்

நூல்The Book

शब्द वही, लीला नई

Shabd wahee, Leela nayee

Translation: Raam Leela

Every Leela, with the verses it comes from: Valmiki’s Sanskrit, a poetic English translation, and the Tamil translation. The book grows as new Leelas open.

7 kandas · 81 stories · 2424 verses · Tamil text: 1 of 81 stories so far

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பால காண்டம்Bala Kanda

11 stories

Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

Narada's question

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.1.1–1.2.2 (CrEd 1.1.1–1.2.2)

The ascetic Valmiki asks Narada whether there is a man alive now who is virtuous, mighty, true to his word and master of his anger. Narada answers with Rama of the Ikshvaku line, and tells his whole story in brief: the exile, Sita's abduction, the alliance with Sugriva, Hanuman's leap, the bridge, Ravana's death and the return to rule in a world without fear. Honoured by Valmiki and his pupil, Narada goes up into the sky.

Part 1 · பகுதி 1

Narada's question

Valmiki 1.1.1–1.1.100; 1.2.1–1.2.2 (CrEd 1.1.1–1.1.79; 1.2.1–1.2.2)

॥ 1.1.1 ॥

CrEd 1.1.1

Valmikiverse caption

Sanskrit

तपःस्वाध्यायनिरतं तपस्वी वाग्विदां वरम् ।
नारदं परिपप्रच्छ वाल्मीकिर् मुनिपुंगवम् ॥

tapaḥsvādhyāyanirataṃ tapasvī vāgvidāṃ varam
nāradaṃ paripapraccha vālmīkir munipuṃgavam

English

Narada, rapt in austerity and sacred study,
best of all who know the word,
the ascetic Valmiki questioned,
that bull among the sages.

தமிழ்

தவத்திலும் கல்வியிலும் திளைத்த, சொல்வல்லோரில் சிறந்த, முனிவர்க்கரசர் நாரதரிடம், தவசி வால்மீகி கேட்டார்.

॥ 1.1.2 ॥

CrEd 1.1.2

Valmiki

Sanskrit

को न्व् अस्मिन् साम्प्रतं लोके गुणवान् कश् च वीर्यवान् ।
धर्मज्ञश् च कृतज्ञश् च सत्यवाक्यो दृढव्रतः ॥

ko nv asmin sāmprataṃ loke guṇavān kaś ca vīryavān
dharmajñaś ca kṛtajñaś ca satyavākyo dṛḍhavrataḥ

English

Who is there now in this world
who is virtuous, and who is valiant,
who knows dharma, who is grateful,
true in his word, and firm in his vows?

தமிழ்

நற்குணமும் வீரமும் உடையவர், அறம் அறிந்தவர், செய்நன்றி மறவாதவர், சொன்ன சொல் தவறாதவர், விரதம் பிறழாதவர், இன்று இவ்வுலகில் அப்படி ஒருவர் யார்?

॥ 1.1.4 ॥

CrEd 1.1.4

Valmiki

Sanskrit

आत्मवान् को जितक्रोधो द्युतिमान् कोऽनसूयकः ।
कस्य बिभ्यति देवाश् च जातरोषस्य संयुगे ॥

ātmavān ko jitakrodho dyutimān ko 'nasūyakaḥ
kasya bibhyati devāś ca jātaroṣasya saṃyuge

English

Who is master of himself, who has conquered anger,
who is radiant, who is free of envy?
Whom do the very gods fear
when his wrath is roused in battle?

தமிழ்

தன்னை அடக்கியவர் யார், சினத்தை வென்றவர் யார்? போர்க்களத்தில் யாருடைய சினம் கண்டு தேவர்களும் அஞ்சுவார்கள்?

॥ 1.1.5–7 ॥

CrEd 1.1.5–7

silent moment

॥ 1.1.7 ॥

CrEd 1.1.7

Narada

Sanskrit

बहवो दुर्लभाश् चैव ये त्वया कीर्तिता गुणाः ।
मुने वक्ष्याम्य् अहं बुद्ध्वा तैर् युक्तः श्रूयतां नरः ॥

bahavo durlabhāś caiva ye tvayā kīrtitā guṇāḥ
mune vakṣyāmy ahaṃ buddhvā tair yuktaḥ śrūyatāṃ naraḥ

English

Many, and rare indeed,
are the virtues you have named.
Sage, I have weighed them, and will speak:
hear of the man who has them.

தமிழ்

முனிவரே, நீர் சொன்ன குணங்கள் பல, காண்பதும் அரிது. எண்ணிப் பார்த்துச் சொல்கிறேன், அவை உடைய மனிதரைப் பற்றிக் கேளும்.

॥ 1.1.8 ॥

CrEd 1.1.8ab

Narada

Sanskrit

इक्ष्वाकुवंशप्रभवो रामो नाम जनैः श्रुतः ॥

ikṣvākuvaṃśaprabhavo rāmo nāma janaiḥ śrutaḥ

English

Sprung from the line of Ikshvaku,
Rama by name, he is known among men.

தமிழ்

இக்குவாகு குலத்தில் தோன்றியவர். மக்கள் அவரை இராமன் என்று அறிவார்கள்.

॥ 1.1.17–18 ॥

CrEd 1.1.16cd–17

Narada

Sanskrit

समुद्र इव गाम्भीर्ये धैर्येण हिमवान् इव ।
विष्णुना सदृशो वीर्ये सोमवत् प्रियदर्शनः ।
कालाग्निसदृशः क्रोधे क्षमया पृथिवीसमः ॥

samudra iva gāmbhīrye dhairyeṇa himavān iva
viṣṇunā sadṛśo vīrye somavat priyadarśanaḥ
kālāgnisadṛśaḥ krodhe kṣamayā pṛthivīsamaḥ

English

Like the ocean in his depth,
in steadfastness like the Himalaya,
like Vishnu in his valour,
lovely to see as the moon,
like the fire of Time in anger,
in patience equal to the earth.

தமிழ்

ஆழத்தில் அவர் கடல், உறுதியில் இமயம், வீரத்தில் திருமால், பார்க்க இனிய முழுநிலவு. சினந்தால் ஊழித் தீ, பொறுமையில் பூமித்தாய்.

॥ 1.1.19–23 ॥

CrEd 1.1.18cd–21

Narada

Sanskrit

तस्याभिषेकसंभारान् दृष्ट्वा भार्याथ कैकयी ।
पूर्वं दत्तवरा देवी वरम् एनम् अयाचत ।
विवासनं च रामस्य भरतस्याभिषेचनम् ।
स सत्यवचनाद् राजा धर्मपाशेन संयतः ।
विवासयाम् आस सुतं रामं दशरथः प्रियम् ॥

tasyābhiṣekasaṃbhārān dṛṣṭvā bhāryātha kaikayī
pūrvaṃ dattavarā devī varam enam ayācata
vivāsanaṃ ca rāmasya bharatasyābhiṣecanam
sa satyavacanād rājā dharmapāśena saṃyataḥ
vivāsayām āsa sutaṃ rāmaṃ daśarathaḥ priyam

English

Seeing the things made ready for his crowning,
Kaikeyi, the king’s wife,
the queen once granted boons,
asked of him this boon:
Rama sent into exile,
and Bharata consecrated.
The king, for his word of truth,
bound in the noose of dharma,
sent into exile his son,
Rama, Dasharatha’s beloved.

தமிழ்

கைகேயி தன் வரத்தைக் கேட்டாள். இராமனுக்குக் காடு, பரதனுக்கு மணிமுடி. அறம் என்னும் கயிறு கட்டிப்போட, மன்னர் தம் அன்பு மகனைக் காட்டுக்கு அனுப்பினார்.

॥ 1.1.24–25; 1.1.27–28 ॥

CrEd 1.1.22–24

Narada

Sanskrit

स जगाम वनं वीरः प्रतिज्ञाम् अनुपालयन् ।
पितुर् वचननिर्देशात् कैकेय्याः प्रियकारणात् ।
तं व्रजन्तं प्रियो भ्राता लक्ष्मणोऽनुजगाम ह ।
स्नेहाद् विनयसंपन्नः सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः ।
सर्वलक्षणसंपन्ना नारीणाम् उत्तमा वधूः ।
सीताप्य् अनुगता रामं शशिनं रोहिणी यथा ॥

sa jagāma vanaṃ vīraḥ pratijñām anupālayan
pitur vacananirdeśāt kaikeyyāḥ priyakāraṇāt
taṃ vrajantaṃ priyo bhrātā lakṣmaṇo 'nujagāma ha
snehād vinayasaṃpannaḥ sumitrānandavardhanaḥ
sarvalakṣaṇasaṃpannā nārīṇām uttamā vadhūḥ
sītāpy anugatā rāmaṃ śaśinaṃ rohiṇī yathā

English

The hero went to the forest,
keeping faith with his promise,
at the bidding of his father’s word,
to do what Kaikeyi desired.
As he went, his dear brother
Lakshmana followed him,
for love, rich in modesty,
the joy of Sumitra’s heart.
Graced with every auspicious mark,
best of women, his bride,
Sita too followed Rama,
as Rohini follows the moon.

தமிழ்

தந்தையின் சொல்லைக் காக்க இராமன் காடு சென்றார். அன்பால் இலக்குவன் பின்தொடர்ந்தான். நிலவைத் தொடரும் உரோகிணி போல், சீதையும் இராமனைத் தொடர்ந்தாள்.

॥ 1.1.32–34; 1.1.37–39 ॥

CrEd 1.1.28–31

condensed from 1.1.32–34; 1.1.37–39

Narada

Sanskrit

चित्रकूटं गते रामे पुत्रशोकातुरस् तदा ।
राजा दशरथः स्वर्गं जगाम विलपन् सुतम् ।
… पादुके चास्य राज्याय न्यासं दत्त्वा पुनः पुनः ।
निवर्तयाम् आस ततो भरतं भरताग्रजः ।
स कामम् अनवाप्यैव रामपादाव् उपस्पृशन् ।
नन्दिग्रामेऽकरोद् राज्यं रामागमनकाङ्क्षया ॥

citrakūṭaṃ gate rāme putraśokāturas tadā
rājā daśarathaḥ svargaṃ jagāma vilapan sutam
… pāduke cāsya rājyāya nyāsaṃ dattvā punaḥ punaḥ
nivartayām āsa tato bharataṃ bharatāgrajaḥ
sa kāmam anavāpyaiva rāmapādāv upaspṛśan
nandigrāme 'karod rājyaṃ rāmāgamanakāṅkṣayā

English

When Rama had gone to Chitrakuta,
then, sick with grief for his son,
King Dasharatha went to heaven,
lamenting for his son.
… His sandals, a pledge for the kingdom,
he gave him, again and again,
and so Bharata’s elder brother
turned Bharata back.
His wish unwon, touching
the feet of Rama,
he ruled the kingdom from Nandigrama,
longing for Rama’s return.

தமிழ்

மகனைப் பிரிந்த துயரில் மன்னர் உயிர் நீத்தார். பரதன் அரசை ஏற்கவில்லை. பாதுகைகளை அடையாளமாக வைத்து, இராமன் வருகைக்குக் காத்தபடி, நந்திகிராமத்திலிருந்து ஆண்டான்.

॥ 1.1.46–49 ॥

CrEd 1.1.36–38

condensed from 1.1.46–49

Narada

Sanskrit

तेन तत्रैव वसता जनस्थाननिवासिनी ।
विरूपिता शूर्पणखा राक्षसी कामरूपिणी ।
… निजघान रणे रामस् तेषां चैव पदानुगान् ।
रक्षसां निहतान्य् आसन् सहस्राणि चतुर्दश ॥

tena tatraiva vasatā janasthānanivāsinī
virūpitā śūrpaṇakhā rākṣasī kāmarūpiṇī
… nijaghāna raṇe rāmas teṣāṃ caiva padānugān
rakṣasāṃ nihatāny āsan sahasrāṇi caturdaśa

English

While he dwelt in that very place,
she who dwelt in Janasthana,
Shurpanakha, was disfigured,
the rakshasi who took what shape she pleased.
… Rama slew them in battle,
and their followers too;
of the rakshasas there were slain
fourteen thousand.

தமிழ்

சூர்ப்பணகை உருக்குலைந்தாள். பதினாலாயிரம் அரக்கர் இராமனால் மடிந்தனர்.

॥ 1.1.49–52 ॥

CrEd 1.1.39–41

Narada

Sanskrit

ततो ज्ञातिवधं श्रुत्वा रावणः क्रोधमूर्छितः ।
सहायं वरयाम् आस मारीचं नाम राक्षसम् ।
वार्यमाणः सुबहुशो मारीचेन स रावणः ।
न विरोधो बलवता क्षमो रावण तेन ते ।
अनादृत्य तु तद् वाक्यं रावणः कालचोदितः ।
जगाम सहमारीचस् तस्याश्रमपदं तदा ॥

tato jñātivadhaṃ śrutvā rāvaṇaḥ krodhamūrchitaḥ
sahāyaṃ varayām āsa mārīcaṃ nāma rākṣasam
vāryamāṇaḥ subahuśo mārīcena sa rāvaṇaḥ
na virodho balavatā kṣamo rāvaṇa tena te
anādṛtya tu tad vākyaṃ rāvaṇaḥ kālacoditaḥ
jagāma sahamārīcas tasyāśramapadaṃ tadā

English

Then, hearing his kinsmen slain,
Ravana, senseless with rage,
chose for his helper
a rakshasa, Maricha by name.
Again and again held back
by Maricha was Ravana:
“A quarrel with one so strong
is not fit for you, Ravana.”
But heedless of those words,
Ravana, driven on by Time,
went, Maricha at his side,
to the place of Rama’s hermitage.

தமிழ்

சினத்தில் வெறிகொண்ட இராவணன் மாரீசனைத் துணைக்கு அழைத்தான். மாரீசன் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் தடுத்தான், "அந்த வலியவனோடு பகை உனக்குத் தகாது, இராவணா." ஆனாலும் காலம் உந்தித் தள்ள, இராவணன் புறப்பட்டான்.

॥ 1.1.52–53 ॥

CrEd 1.1.42

Narada

Sanskrit

तेन मायाविना दूरम् अपवाह्य नृपात्मजौ ।
जहार भार्यां रामस्य गृध्रं हत्वा जटायुषम् ॥

tena māyāvinā dūram apavāhya nṛpātmajau
jahāra bhāryāṃ rāmasya gṛdhraṃ hatvā jaṭāyuṣam

English

Through that master of illusion
he drew the princes far away,
and carried off the wife of Rama,
when he had slain the vulture Jatayu.

தமிழ்

மாயாவி மாரீசனைக் கொண்டு இளவரசர் இருவரையும் தொலைவுக்கு இழுத்தான். கழுகு சடாயுவைக் கொன்று, இராமனின் மனைவியைக் கவர்ந்து சென்றான்.

॥ 1.1.53–54 ॥

CrEd 1.1.43

Valmikiverse caption

Sanskrit

गृध्रं च निहतं दृष्ट्वा हृतां श्रुत्वा च मैथिलीम् ।
राघवः शोकसंतप्तो विललापाकुलेन्द्रियः ॥

gṛdhraṃ ca nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛtāṃ śrutvā ca maithilīm
rāghavaḥ śokasaṃtapto vilalāpākulendriyaḥ

English

Seeing the vulture slain,
and hearing Maithili taken,
Raghava, burning with grief,
lamented, his senses in turmoil.

தமிழ்

கழுகு மாண்டதைக் கண்டு, மைதிலி கவரப்பட்டதைக் கேட்டு, துயரில் வெந்த இராகவன் புலம்பினான்.

॥ 1.1.58–59; 1.1.64–65; 1.1.70 ॥

CrEd 1.1.47–48; 1.1.51; 1.1.55

condensed from 1.1.58–59; 1.1.64–65; 1.1.70

Narada

Sanskrit

पम्पातीरे हनुमता संगतो वानरेण ह ।
हनुमद्वचनाच् चैव सुग्रीवेण समागतः ।
… पादाङ्गुष्ठेन चिक्षेप संपूर्णं दशयोजनम् ।
… ततः सुग्रीववचनाद् धत्वा वालिनम् आहवे ।
सुग्रीवम् एव तद् राज्ये राघवः प्रत्यपादयत् ॥

pampātīre hanumatā saṃgato vānareṇa ha
hanumadvacanāc caiva sugrīveṇa samāgataḥ
… pādāṅguṣṭhena cikṣepa saṃpūrṇaṃ daśayojanam
… tataḥ sugrīvavacanād dhatvā vālinam āhave
sugrīvam eva tad rājye rāghavaḥ pratyapādayat

English

On the Pampa’s bank he met
Hanuman, the vanara;
and at Hanuman’s word
he came together with Sugriva.
… With his great toe he hurled it
a full ten yojanas.
… Then, at Sugriva’s word, he slew
Vali in battle,
and Sugriva himself, in that kingdom,
Raghava established.

தமிழ்

பம்பைக் கரையில் அனுமனைச் சந்தித்தார், அவர் சொல்லால் சுக்கிரீவனையும். கால் கட்டைவிரலால் துந்துபியின் உடலைப் பத்து யோசனை தூரம் எறிந்தார். வாலி வீழ்ந்தான், சுக்கிரீவன் அரசனானான்.

॥ 1.1.71–72 ॥

CrEd 1.1.56–57

Valmikiverse caption

Sanskrit

स च सर्वान् समानीय वानरान् वानरर्षभः ।
दिशः प्रस्थापयाम् आस दिदृक्षुर् जनकात्मजाम् ।
ततो गृध्रस्य वचनात् संपातेर् हनुमान् बली ।
शतयोजनविस्तीर्णं पुप्लुवे लवणार्णवम् ॥

sa ca sarvān samānīya vānarān vānararṣabhaḥ
diśaḥ prasthāpayām āsa didṛkṣur janakātmajām
tato gṛdhrasya vacanāt saṃpāter hanumān balī
śatayojanavistīrṇaṃ pupluve lavaṇārṇavam

English

He gathered all the vanaras,
that bull among the vanaras,
and sent them to every quarter,
eager to see Janaka’s daughter.
Then, at the vulture Sampati’s word,
Hanuman the mighty
leapt the salt sea,
a hundred yojanas wide.

தமிழ்

கழுகு சம்பாதியின் சொல்லால், வலிய அனுமன் நூறு யோசனை அகன்ற உப்புக் கடலைத் தாண்டினான்.

॥ 1.1.73–74; 1.1.77 ॥

CrEd 1.1.58–59; 1.1.62

condensed from 1.1.73–74; 1.1.77

Narada

Sanskrit

तत्र लङ्कां समासाद्य पुरीं रावणपालिताम् ।
ददर्श सीतां ध्यायन्तीम् अशोकवनिकां गताम् ।
निवेदयित्वाभिज्ञानं प्रवृत्तिं च निवेद्य च ।
… ततो दग्ध्वा पुरीं लङ्काम् ऋते सीतां च मैथिलीम् ।
रामाय प्रियम् आख्यातुं पुनर् आयान् महाकपिः ॥

tatra laṅkāṃ samāsādya purīṃ rāvaṇapālitām
dadarśa sītāṃ dhyāyantīm aśokavanikāṃ gatām
nivedayitvābhijñānaṃ pravṛttiṃ ca nivedya ca
… tato dagdhvā purīṃ laṅkām ṛte sītāṃ ca maithilīm
rāmāya priyam ākhyātuṃ punar āyān mahākapiḥ

English

There, reaching Lanka,
the city Ravana guarded,
he saw Sita, lost in thought,
gone into the Ashoka grove.
He gave the token of remembrance,
and told her all that had passed …
… Then, burning Lanka’s city,
all but Sita, Maithili,
to tell Rama the welcome news
the great monkey came back.

தமிழ்

அசோக வனத்தில், சிந்தனையில் ஆழ்ந்திருந்த சீதையை அனுமன் கண்டார். அடையாளத்தைக் கொடுத்தார், சீதைக்குத் தீங்கின்றி இலங்கையை எரித்தார், திரும்பி வந்தார்.

॥ 1.1.78 ॥

CrEd 1.1.63

Narada

Sanskrit

सोऽभिगम्य महात्मानं कृत्वा रामं प्रदक्षिणम् ।
न्यवेदयद् अमेयात्मा दृष्टा सीतेति तत्त्वतः ॥

so 'bhigamya mahātmānaṃ kṛtvā rāmaṃ pradakṣiṇam
nyavedayad ameyātmā dṛṣṭā sīteti tattvataḥ

English

Coming to the great-souled one,
he walked round Rama in reverence,
and told him truly, that boundless soul:
“Seen is Sita.”

தமிழ்

இராமனை வலம் வந்து வணங்கி, உள்ளதை உள்ளபடி சொன்னார், "கண்டேன் சீதையை."

॥ 1.1.79–80 ॥

CrEd 1.1.64–65

Narada

Sanskrit

ततः सुग्रीवसहितो गत्वा तीरं महोदधेः ।
समुद्रं क्षोभयाम् आस शरैर् आदित्यसंनिभैः ।
दर्शयाम् आस चात्मानं समुद्रः सरितां पतिः ।
समुद्रवचनाच् चैव नलं सेतुम् अकारयत् ॥

tataḥ sugrīvasahito gatvā tīraṃ mahodadheḥ
samudraṃ kṣobhayām āsa śarair ādityasaṃnibhaiḥ
darśayām āsa cātmānaṃ samudraḥ saritāṃ patiḥ
samudravacanāc caiva nalaṃ setum akārayat

English

Then, with Sugriva, going
to the shore of the great sea,
he shook the ocean
with arrows like the sun.
And the ocean showed himself,
the lord of rivers;
at the ocean’s word
he had Nala build the bridge.

தமிழ்

கதிரவன் போல் ஒளிரும் அம்புகளால் இராமன் கடலைக் கலங்கடித்தார். நதிகளின் தலைவன் தானே வெளிப்பட்டான். நளன் கடலில் அணை கட்டினான்.

॥ 1.1.81; 1.1.85 ॥

CrEd 1.1.66

Narada

Sanskrit

तेन गत्वा पुरीं लङ्कां हत्वा रावणम् आहवे ।
अभ्यषिञ्चत् स लङ्कायां राक्षसेन्द्रं विभीषणम् ॥

tena gatvā purīṃ laṅkāṃ hatvā rāvaṇam āhave
abhyaṣiñcat sa laṅkāyāṃ rākṣasendraṃ vibhīṣaṇam

English

Crossing by it to Lanka’s city,
slaying Ravana in battle,
he consecrated in Lanka
Vibhishana, lord of the rakshasas.

தமிழ்

இலங்கைக்குச் சென்று, போரில் இராவணனை வீழ்த்தி, வீடணனுக்கு முடிசூட்டினார்.

॥ 1.1.86; 1.1.88–89 ॥

CrEd 1.1.69–70

Narada

Sanskrit

देवताभ्यो वरान् प्राप्य समुत्थाप्य च वानरान् ।
पुष्पकं तत् समारुह्य नन्दिग्रामं ययौ तदा ।
नन्दिग्रामे जटां हित्वा भ्रातृभिः सहितोऽनघः ।
रामः सीताम् अनुप्राप्य राज्यं पुनर् अवाप्तवान् ॥

devatābhyo varān prāpya samutthāpya ca vānarān
puṣpakaṃ tat samāruhya nandigrāmaṃ yayau tadā
nandigrāme jaṭāṃ hitvā bhrātṛbhiḥ sahito 'naghaḥ
rāmaḥ sītām anuprāpya rājyaṃ punar avāptavān

English

Winning boons from the gods,
raising the vanaras up,
he mounted the Pushpaka
and went then to Nandigrama.
At Nandigrama, his matted hair put off,
with his brothers, the sinless one,
Rama, with Sita won again,
has gained his kingdom once more.

தமிழ்

புட்பக விமானத்தில் நந்திகிராமம் வந்து, தம்பியருடன் சடைமுடி களைந்தார். சீதையை மீட்ட இராமன் இன்று மீண்டும் அரசாள்கிறார்.

॥ 1.1.89 ॥

CrEd 1.1.70

silent moment

॥ 1.1.90–92 ॥

CrEd 1.1.71–73

condensed from 1.1.90–92

Narada

Sanskrit

प्रहृष्टमुदितो लोकस् तुष्टः पुष्टः सुधार्मिकः ।
निरामयो अरोगश् च दुर्भिक्षभयवर्जितः ।
न पुत्रमरणं के चिद् द्रक्ष्यन्ति पुरुषाः क्व चित् ।
… न वातजं भयं किं चिन् नाप्सु मज्जन्ति जन्तवः ।
न चाग्रिजं भयं किं चिद् यथा कृतयुगे तथा ॥

prahṛṣṭamudito lokas tuṣṭaḥ puṣṭaḥ sudhārmikaḥ
nirāmayo arogaś ca durbhikṣabhayavarjitaḥ
na putramaraṇaṃ ke cid drakṣyanti puruṣāḥ kva cit
… na vātajaṃ bhayaṃ kiṃ cin nāpsu majjanti jantavaḥ
na cāgrijaṃ bhayaṃ kiṃ cid yathā kṛtayuge tathā

English

Glad and joyful is the world,
content, well fed, and righteous,
free of sickness, free of disease,
free from the fear of famine.
Nowhere will any man
look upon a son’s death.
… No fear from the wind at all,
no creature drowns in the waters,
and no fear at all from fire:
as in the Krita age, so now.

தமிழ்

உலகம் மகிழ்ந்திருக்கிறது, நோயின்றி இருக்கிறது. எந்தத் தந்தையும் மகனின் மரணத்தைக் காணமாட்டான். நீரில் மூழ்குவார் இல்லை, தீக்கு அஞ்சுவார் இல்லை, கிருத யுகம் போலவே.

॥ 1.1.97 ॥

CrEd 1.1.76

Narada

Sanskrit

दशवर्षसहस्राणि दशवर्षशतानि च ।
रामो राज्यम् उपासित्वा ब्रह्मलोकं गमिष्यति ॥

daśavarṣasahasrāṇi daśavarṣaśatāni ca
rāmo rājyam upāsitvā brahmalokaṃ gamiṣyati

English

Ten thousand years,
and ten hundred years more,
Rama will rule the kingdom,
and go to the world of Brahma.

தமிழ்

பத்தாயிரம் ஆண்டுகளும், மேலும் ஆயிரம் ஆண்டுகளும் இராமன் அரசாள்வார். பிறகு பிரம்ம லோகம் சேர்வார்.

॥ 1.2.1 ॥

CrEd 1.2.1

Valmikiverse caption

Sanskrit

नारदस्य तु तद् वाक्यं श्रुत्वा वाक्यविशारदः ।
पूजयाम् आस धर्मात्मा सहशिष्यो महामुनिः ॥

nāradasya tu tad vākyaṃ śrutvā vākyaviśāradaḥ
pūjayām āsa dharmātmā sahaśiṣyo mahāmuniḥ

English

Hearing those words of Narada,
he who was skilled in words,
the righteous one, honoured him,
the great sage, with his pupil.

தமிழ்

நாரதரின் சொல் கேட்டு, சொல்வல்ல அந்த மாமுனிவர் தம் சீடனுடன் அவரைப் போற்றினார்.

॥ 1.2.2 ॥

CrEd 1.2.2

Valmikiverse caption

Sanskrit

यथावत् पूजितस् तेन देवर्षिर् नारदस् तदा ।
आपृष्ट्वैवाभ्यनुज्ञातः स जगाम विहायसम् ॥

yathāvat pūjitas tena devarṣir nāradas tadā
āpṛṣṭvaivābhyanujñātaḥ sa jagāma vihāyasam

English

Honoured by him as was due,
Narada, the divine seer, then
took his leave, and, given leave,
went away into the sky.

தமிழ்

முறைப்படி போற்றப்பெற்ற தேவரிஷி நாரதர் விடைபெற்று வானில் எழுந்தார்.

॥ 1.2.2 ॥

CrEd 1.2.2

silent moment

Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

Krauncha

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.2.3–15 (CrEd 1.2.3–14)

After Narada has gone back to the world of the gods, Valmiki goes with his pupil Bharadvaja to bathe at a clear ford of the Tamasa, near the Ganga. Wandering in the forest, he sees a pair of krauncha birds, never apart, and a Nishada hunter bent on evil kills the male before his eyes. Moved by pity at the hen’s cry, and judging the deed wrong, the sage speaks a curse on the hunter.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The first verse

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.2.16–1.3.39 (CrEd 1.2.15–1.3.29)

Puzzled by the words that burst from him over the slain krauncha, Valmiki bathes and turns home, pondering what they mean. Brahma, creator of the worlds, comes to his hermitage, tells him the verse is a shloka, given by his own will, and bids him tell the whole life of Rama as he heard it from Narada: as long as mountains and rivers stand on the earth, the Ramayana will go about the worlds. His pupils sing the verse over in wonder, and Valmiki resolves to make the whole Ramayana in verses like it.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The boys learn the song

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.4.1–27 (CrEd 1.4.1–20)

Having made the whole story of Rama, Valmiki wonders who will perform it, and Kusha and Lava, in hermit dress, take hold of his feet. He teaches them the poem, sweet to recite and to sing, with every rasa, and the princes make it obey their voice. When they sing it before the gathered sages, the sages weep, praise them and give them gifts.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The empty cradle

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.6.4–1.11.29 (CrEd 1.6.4–1.10.27)

King Dasharatha guards the world as Manu did, but he has no son to carry on his line, and he resolves on the horse sacrifice. His charioteer Sumantra tells him what Sanatkumara foretold long ago: the forest-bred sage Rishyashringa, brought to Anga by courtesans to end a drought, will bring about his sons. Dasharatha goes himself to the king of Anga and brings Rishyashringa into Ayodhya with every honour.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

Four sons from the fire

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.14.1–1.18.33 (CrEd 1.13.1–1.17.20)

A year on, Dasharatha's horse sacrifice is held on the bank of the Sarayu, and the priests take wealth in place of the earth he gives them. Rishyashringa performs the rite for sons, and from the fire a being sent by Prajapati brings a golden vessel of divine payasa, which the king shares among Kausalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi. Kausalya bears Rama, Kaikeyi Bharata, and Sumitra Lakshmana and Shatrughna; Vasishtha names them, and Lakshmana grows up as Rama's second life.

தமிழ் · விரைவில் வருகிறது · The Tamil is coming

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The sage takes the son

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.18.34–1.22.7 (CrEd 1.17.21–1.21.7)

As King Dasharatha ponders his sons' marriages, the great sage Vishvamitra arrives, and the king promises to do whatever he asks. The sage asks for Rama, to guard his sacrifice against the rakshasas Maricha and Subahu, sent by Ravana; the king, terrified, refuses and offers himself and his army instead. When Vishvamitra's anger shakes the earth, Vasishtha reminds the king of his word, and Dasharatha gives Rama, with Lakshmana, into the sage's care.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

Tataka, and the guarded fire

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.24.1–1.30.26 (CrEd 1.23.1–1.29.23)

Crossing the Ganga, Vishvamitra leads Rama and Lakshmana into the dreadful forest of the yakshi Tataka, who lays the lands of Malada and Karusha waste. At the sage's word, which his father bade him obey, Rama kills her, and the pleased sage gives him the weapons of the gods. At Siddhashrama the princes guard the sage's rite for six sleepless nights; when Maricha and Subahu fall on it, Rama hurls Maricha into the sea with the Manava weapon and kills Subahu and the rest.

தமிழ் · விரைவில் வருகிறது · The Tamil is coming

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The woman no one could see

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.48.11–1.49.22 (CrEd 1.47.11–1.48.22)

Near Mithila, Rama asks about an empty hermitage, and Vishvamitra tells him how Indra came to Ahalya in Gautama's guise and how Gautama cursed them both: Ahalya was to dwell there for thousands of years, unseen by every living thing, until Rama came. Rama enters, and Ahalya, radiant with penance, receives the brothers as her guests; the gods honour her, made pure, and Gautama, with her once more, honours Rama, who goes on to Mithila.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The bow

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.50.1–1.73.40 (CrEd 1.49.1–1.72.27)

At Mithila, King Janaka asks who the two young princes are, and Shatananda tells them of Vishvamitra's power through the tale of Trishanku. Janaka tells how Shiva's bow came to his house and how Sita rose from the furrow, promised only to strength; Rama lifts the bow and breaks it. Dasharatha comes, and the four brothers marry the four princesses of Mithila.

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Bala Kanda · பால காண்டம்

The axe on the road

Valmiki · Bala Kanda
1.74.7–1.77.28 (CrEd 1.73.7–2.1.4)

On the road home from Mithila, fierce birds cry and the deer go round Dasharatha's company sunwise; out of a storm of darkness and ash comes Rama of Jamadagni's line, the axe on his shoulder, and he dares Rama to draw Vishnu's bow. Rama strings it and fits the arrow, and the Bhargava, knowing him for the lord of the gods, gives up the worlds he won by penance and goes. The king enters Ayodhya rejoicing, the queens receive the brides, Rama and Sita delight in each other through many seasons, and Bharata leaves with Shatrughna for his uncle's home.

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அயோத்தியா காண்டம்Ayodhya Kanda

11 stories

Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

Messengers ride; Bharata's dream

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.1.2–2.70.30 (CrEd 2.1.6–2.64.24)

With the king dead and Rama gone, Vasishtha sends five swift messengers to Rajagriha to bring Bharata home, forbidding them to speak of the ruin of the Raghavas. That same night, in his uncle's city, Bharata dreams of his father falling into a pool of dung and riding south in a chariot drawn by donkeys, and wakes in dread. The messengers give their urgent summons; Bharata asks after his family, takes leave of the Kekaya king, and sets out with Shatrughna, laden with gifts.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

The night before the crowning

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.1.4–2.9.66 (CrEd 2.1.8–2.9.47)

Old, and shaken by evil dreams and omens, King Dasharatha resolves with his assembly to consecrate Rama as prince the next day under Pushya, while Bharata is away from the city. Kaikeyi's maid Manthara sees Ayodhya decked for the rite; Kaikeyi at first rejoices and rewards her, but Manthara turns her mind, reminding her of the two boons the king once granted her on the battlefield. Kaikeyi goes to the chamber of anger, casts off her ornaments and lies down on the bare earth.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

Two boons; the prince accepts

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.10.9–2.19.38 (CrEd 2.10.1–2.16.59)

On the eve of Rama's consecration, Dasharatha finds Kaikeyi in the chamber of anger and swears to grant whatever she wants. She claims her two old boons: Bharata crowned, and Rama sent to the Dandaka forest for fourteen years; the king pleads all night in vain. In the morning Rama hears it from Kaikeyi and accepts at once, at her word alone.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

Crossing the Ganga

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.50.12–2.52.100 (CrEd 2.44.1–2.46.78)

Rama reaches the Ganga at Shringaverapura, where Guha, king of the Nishadas and his friend, offers him his kingdom and a feast; Rama, now an ascetic, accepts only fodder for his father's horses. Through the night Guha and Lakshmana keep watch over the sleeping Rama and Sita. At dawn Rama sends Sumantra back to Ayodhya with messages for the king, the brothers mat their hair with banyan milk, and Guha's boat carries the three across, while Sumantra watches from the shore and weeps.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

Bharadvaja's hermitage

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.54.1–2.55.26 (CrEd 2.48.1–2.49.13)

Rama, Lakshmana and Sita reach Bharadvaja's hermitage at Prayag, where the Ganga meets the Yamuna, and the sage receives them as honoured guests. Rama will not live so near the towns, so Bharadvaja names Chitrakuta, a holy hill ten krosas away; after a night of tales he walks after them like a father and tells them the road. They cross the Yamuna on a raft and come to the banyan Shyama, where Sita prays.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

The king's confession, and his death

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.61.1–2.65.23 (CrEd 2.55.1–2.59.10)

Grieving for Rama, Kausalya reproaches Dasharatha, and the king remembers a sin of his youth: shooting by sound in the dark, he killed an ascetic's son drawing water for his blind parents, and the father cursed him to die of grief for a son. Telling it to Kausalya, the king longs in vain to see Rama and dies after midnight; at dawn the palace women find him and raise the cry.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

The silent city; mother and son

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.71.17–2.78.26 (CrEd 2.65.13–2.72.25)

After seven nights on the road Bharata reaches Ayodhya and finds the city silent and joyless. Kaikeyi tells him, as if it were good news, that his father is dead and that Rama is exiled at her asking; he casts off her and the kingdom, swears to Kausalya that he had no part in it, and performs his father's rites. When Shatrughna drags Manthara through the palace, Bharata stops him: Rama would never forgive the killing of a woman.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

The throne refused

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.79.1–2.82.32 (CrEd 2.73.1–2.76.30)

On the fourteenth day the king-makers offer Bharata the throne; he walks round the consecration vessels and refuses, for the kingship is the eldest’s, and orders a road cut to the forest so that he can bring Rama back and consecrate him there. Next morning he silences the music that hails him as king, and when Vasishtha, before the full assembly, bids him take the kingdom his father and brother have given, he answers that the kingdom and he are both Rama’s, bows toward the forest with joined palms, and sends Sumantra to make the army ready.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

Guha's suspicion

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.83.18–2.92.31 (CrEd 2.77.18–2.86.29)

Bharata camps his army on the Ganga's bank, and Guha, king of the Nishadas, fearing he comes to harm Rama, arms his boatmen, until Bharata's answer clears his doubt. Guha tells him how Lakshmana kept watch the night Rama slept there, and at the bed of grass Bharata vows to live as Rama lives. Ferried across, he meets Bharadvaja, who tests him with the same suspicion, feasts the army, and tells him Rama is on Chitrakuta.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

A brother arrives with the news

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.94.1–2.113.1 (CrEd 2.88.1–2.105.1)

At Chitrakuta an army's dust rises, and Lakshmana, seeing Ayodhya's banner, takes Bharata for an enemy; Rama calms him. Bharata comes on foot, falls at Rama's feet and tells him their father is dead, and Rama offers water to the king at the river. Rama will not break his father's word, so Bharata takes his brother's sandals to rule in his name.

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Ayodhya Kanda · அயோத்தியா காண்டம்

Fourteen years with the sandals

Valmiki · Ayodhya Kanda
2.113.1–2.115.27 (CrEd 2.105.1–2.107.22)

With Rama's sandals on his head, Bharata turns back from Chitrakuta, tells the sage Bharadvaja how Rama gave them to him for the kingdom, and drives into an Ayodhya dark and silent, like a cave bereft of its lion. He will not rule from the city: at Nandigram, in bark and matted hair, he consecrates the sandals and lays every matter of government before them, waiting for Rama's return.

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ஆரண்ய காண்டம்Aranya Kanda

16 stories

Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The murdered sages

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.6.1–3.10.22 (CrEd 3.5.1–3.9.21)

When Sharabhanga has gone to heaven, the forest sages gather round Rama, show him the bodies of hermits slain by rakshasas, and seek his protection; he promises to kill the rakshasas. As they leave Sutikshna's hermitage, Sita warns him against violence without enmity, telling of the ascetic whom a sword left in trust led to hell. Rama answers that his promise to the sages cannot be broken, and goes on, bow in hand, into the groves of penance.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Shurpanakha

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.17.3–3.18.24 (CrEd 3.16.3–3.17.24)

At Panchavati the rakshasi Shurpanakha, Ravana's sister, sees Rama and asks him to be her husband. Rama, smiling, sends her to Lakshmana, and Lakshmana sends her back; mocked, she rushes at Sita to devour her. At Rama's word Lakshmana cuts off her ears and nose.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The fourteen at the hut

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.18.25–3.23.25 (CrEd 3.17.25–3.22.25)

Disfigured, Shurpanakha falls before her brother Khara, and he sends fourteen rakshasas to kill Rama, Lakshmana and Sita. Rama warns them off, and when they attack, fourteen arrows kill them all. Shurpanakha shames Khara, and he marches with fourteen thousand rakshasas, laughing at the omens.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Fourteen thousand

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.24–3.30 (CrEd 3.23–3.29)

Reading the omens, Rama sends Lakshmana with Sita to a mountain cave and faces Khara's fourteen thousand alone. He kills Dushana, then three-headed Trishiras, and at last Khara himself with the arrow Agastya gave him. The gods and the sages hail him: the Dandaka forest is safe again.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Shurpanakha's taunt

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.32.18–3.34.26 (CrEd 3.30.1–3.32.24)

In the popular text Akampana, a survivor of Janasthana, tells Ravana that Khara is slain and counsels him to carry off Sita; Maricha turns the king back to Lanka. Then Shurpanakha, disfigured, comes before Ravana amid his ministers and taunts him as a careless king blind to the danger that has risen. Asked who Rama is, she tells of his valour, of Lakshmana, and of Sita's beauty, and urges Ravana to win her for his wife.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The forced errand

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.35–3.42.14 (CrEd 3.33–3.40.12)

Ravana comes to Maricha's hermitage and asks him to become a golden deer, so that Rama and Lakshmana are drawn away and Sita can be taken. Maricha, who has felt Rama's arrows twice, warns him that Rama is dharma in a body and begs him to turn back. Threatened with death, he gives in: death at Rama's hands, he says, is better than death at Ravana's.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The golden deer

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.42.14–3.44.27 (CrEd 3.40.12–3.42.21)

A deer of gold and jewels grazes near the hut, and Sita asks Rama to bring it to her, alive or for its skin. Lakshmana warns that it is Maricha's illusion; Rama leaves him to guard Sita and follows the deer deep into the forest. Struck by Rama's arrow, Maricha dies crying out in Rama's voice, “Ha Sita! Ha Lakshmana!”

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Sita and Lakshmana

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.45.1–40 (CrEd 3.43.1–37)

A cry rings out from the forest in Rama's voice, and Sita begs Lakshmana to run to him. He refuses: no one can harm Rama, and Rama left her in his keeping. Stung by her charges, he commends her to the forest deities and goes.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The ascetic at the door

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.46.1–3.49.22 (CrEd 3.44.1–3.47.21)

Ravana comes to the empty hut in the guise of a wandering brahmin, and Sita, honouring a guest, gives him a seat and water and tells him who she is. He names himself and asks her to be his chief queen; she scorns him as a jackal reaching for a lioness. He takes his own fearsome form and seizes her, and she cries out for Rama.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Jatayu wakes

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.49.23–3.51.20 (CrEd 3.47.22–3.49.16)

Carried through the sky, Sita cries out to Lakshmana, to the Godavari and to the forest, and calls on the old vulture Jatayu to tell Rama. Jatayu wakes, warns Ravana that no king who keeps dharma lays hands on another man's wife, and challenges him. He smashes Ravana's chariot and throws him to the ground, and all beings cry “well done”.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Jatayu falls

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.51.21–3.52.13 (CrEd 3.49.17–3.50.12)

Jatayu shames Ravana as a coward walking the road of thieves and dares him to fight. Ravana draws his sword and cuts off the old vulture's wings, feet and flanks, and Jatayu falls. Sita clings to the trees and cries for Rama and Lakshmana, but Ravana seizes her by the hair and carries her into the sky, while Brahma says the deed is done.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The jewels thrown down

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.52.13–3.54.5 (CrEd 3.50.12–3.52.5)

As Ravana carries Sita south through the sky, all beings lament that dharma and truth are gone. Sita rages at him as a coward and a thief who won her by trickery, not in battle, and warns him that Rama will kill him. Over a hilltop she sees five monkeys, and drops her upper cloth and ornaments among them, crying out to Rama and Lakshmana.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The palace shown; Sita refuses

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.54.6–3.56.36 (CrEd 3.52.6–3.54.32)

Ravana carries Sita, his own death, across the sea into Lanka, sets her in his inner rooms under guard, and sends eight rakshasas to watch Rama from Janasthana. He shows her his golden palace and offers her his kingdom, his wealth and himself; placing a blade of grass between them, she names Rama her husband and tells Ravana his end is near. He gives her twelve months and has the rakshasis take her to the Ashoka grove, where she falls senseless with fear and grief.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The dying vulture's word

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.57.1–3.68.38 (CrEd 3.55.1–3.64.36)

Rama finds the hut empty and searches the forest with Lakshmana, asking the trees and the river Godavari for Sita. On the path they find her flowers, blood and a broken chariot, and Rama's grief turns to fury against the worlds until Lakshmana calms him. They find the dying Jatayu, who tells them Ravana took her south; Rama honours him as a father and gives him the last rites.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

The headless arms

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.69.5–3.73.46 (CrEd 3.65.5–3.69.36)

Searching the forest for Sita, Rama and Lakshmana are seized by Kabandha, a headless giant with his mouth in his belly, and cut off his arms. He tells them of the curse that gave him this form and asks to be burned; rising from the pyre in his own shining form, he tells Rama to make Sugriva his friend and points the way to Pampa.

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Aranya Kanda · ஆரண்ய காண்டம்

Shabari; spring sharpens the grief

Valmiki · Aranya Kanda
3.74.1–3.75.30; 4.1.1–130 (CrEd 3.70.1–3.71.26; 4.1.1–49)

Rama and Lakshmana reach the hermitage of the ascetic Shabari, who has waited for them as her teachers foretold. She shows them Matanga's forest and, with Rama's leave, gives up her body to join the sages she served. Rama turns toward Rishyamukha and Sugriva, but the spring at Lake Pampa only sharpens his grief for Sita.

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கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்Kishkindha Kanda

12 stories

Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Hanuman on the hill; the jewels

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.2.1–4.7.2 (CrEd 4.2.1–4.7.2)

From Rishyamukha, the frightened Sugriva sees two armed strangers and sends Hanuman down in a mendicant's guise to learn who they are. Hanuman's speech wins Rama, Lakshmana tells their story, and Rama and Sugriva swear friendship before the fire. Sugriva brings out the cloth and ornaments Sita dropped in her flight; Rama knows them and weeps, and asks where her captor lives.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Two strangers with bows

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.2.1–4.4.35 (CrEd 4.2.1–4.4.26)

From the crest of Rishyamukha, Sugriva sees Rama and Lakshmana coming armed and, fearing they are Vali's men, sends Hanuman to learn who they are. Hanuman goes down in a mendicant's guise and speaks so well that Rama praises his speech; Lakshmana tells him their story and that they have come to Sugriva for refuge. Glad that the work has come to them, Hanuman takes the two brothers up the hill to his king.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

The demon in the cave

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.8.41–4.9.13 (CrEd 4.8.40–4.9.13)

Rama asks Sugriva the true cause of his enmity with Vali, and promises to strike down his enemy. Sugriva tells how Vali, his elder brother, became king of the vanaras, and how the asura Mayavi came roaring to the gate of Kishkindha one night. The brothers chased him by moonlight to a great cleft in the earth, and Vali, going in after him, told Sugriva to stand guard at its mouth.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

The brother who sealed the cave

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.9.14–4.10.34 (CrEd 4.9.14–4.10.29)

Sugriva tells Rama how the feud began: left by Vali at the mouth of the cave, he waited a year, saw blood flow out and heard cries, sealed the cave, and was anointed king by the ministers. Vali came back, broke out, denounced him before the people as a cruel brother who had shut him in for the kingdom, and drove him out with a single cloth, taking his wife. Rama, judging from his own grief, promises that his unfailing arrows will fall on Vali.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

The one hill Vali cannot climb

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.11.1–4.46.24 (CrEd 4.11.1–4.45.17)

Sugriva tells Rama of Vali’s might: the buffalo-demon Dundubhi, sent on from the Ocean and from Himavat, challenged Vali at Kishkindha’s gate, and Vali killed him and flung the body a yojana away. Drops of its blood fell on Matanga’s hermitage, and the sage cursed Vali to die if he ever entered there; so Rishyamukha became the refuge Hanuman remembered when Vali hunted Sugriva across the earth.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Behind the tree

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.12.14–4.22.32 (CrEd 4.12.14–4.22.26)

Sugriva challenges Vali and is beaten, for Rama cannot tell the brothers apart; marked with a flowering creeper, he calls Vali out again. Tara warns Vali that Rama stands with Sugriva, but Vali goes out to fight, and Rama shoots him from cover. Vali charges Rama with adharma, Rama answers with the king's dharma, and the dying Vali, reconciled, gives Sugriva his golden chain and commends Angada and Tara to him.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

The rains

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.27.1–4.30.85 (CrEd 4.26.1–4.29.52)

With Sugriva crowned and gone into his cave, Rama and Lakshmana spend the rains on Prasravana hill, where Rama finds no joy, remembering Sita; Lakshmana rouses him, and Rama resolves to wait for autumn, seeing his own grief in the clouds, the lightning and the swollen rivers. When autumn clears the sky and Sugriva, lost in pleasure, makes no move, Rama swoons, laments, and sends Lakshmana to Kishkindha with a warning: the path Vali took is not closed.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Lakshmana at the gate

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.31.1–4.36.20 (CrEd 4.30.1–4.35.20)

Lakshmana, angry that Sugriva has let the appointed time slip by, sets out to kill him, and Rama bids him speak gently. His fury at the gate of Kishkindha scatters the monkeys; Hanuman tells the alarmed Sugriva to join his palms and win Lakshmana's grace, and in the inner rooms Tara answers Lakshmana's harsh words and calms him. Sugriva casts off his fear and his drunkenness, promises to march behind Rama, and asks forgiveness, and Lakshmana asks his in turn.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Four armies to four directions

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.37.1–4.47.14 (CrEd 4.36.1–4.46.14)

Sugriva, recalled to his promise, summons every vanara on earth, and Rama reminds him that a king gives dharma, wealth and pleasure each its time. The vanara lord sends four armies to the four quarters, each told to search for Sita and return within a month, and Rama gives Hanuman, who goes south, his ring as a token for Sita. When the month is full the east, north and west come back without hope; only the southern band, with Hanuman, has not yet returned.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Swayamprabha

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.50.1–4.52.32 (CrEd 4.49.1–4.52.13)

Worn out from searching the south, the monkeys follow birds wet with water into a dark cave and come upon a golden forest made by the danava Maya. There the ascetic Swayamprabha, who guards it for her friend Hema, feeds them and hears their errand. The time Sugriva set has run out; at Hanuman's plea she has them close their eyes and lifts them out of the cave in an instant, to the shore of the great ocean.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

The fast unto death; Sampati

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.53.1–4.63.15 (CrEd 4.52.14–4.62.15)

The month Sugriva set runs out at the edge of the sea, and Angada, sure his uncle will punish him, sits down with the monkeys in a fast unto death. The old vulture Sampati, Jatayu's brother, hears them speak of Jatayu's death, and tells them that Ravana holds Sita in Lanka, an island a hundred yojanas across the sea. As he speaks, his burnt wings grow again, as the sage Nishakara foretold, and the monkeys set out, their courage won back.

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Kishkindha Kanda · கிஷ்கிந்தா காண்டம்

Jambavan's reminder; the leap

Valmiki · Kishkindha Kanda
4.64.1–5.1.44 (CrEd 4.63.1–5.1.40)

On the shore of the ocean, Angada asks who can leap the hundred yojanas to Lanka, and each monkey leader names how far he can go; none can go so far. Old Jambavan turns to Hanuman, sitting silent and apart, and reminds him whose son he is. Hanuman grows, climbs Mahendra and leaps for Lanka.

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சுந்தர காண்டம்Sundara Kanda

9 stories

Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

Mainaka, Surasa, Simhika

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.1.50–210 (CrEd 5.1.46–190)

Hanuman flies over the sea, and the Ocean, honouring the Ikshvakus, raises golden Mainaka from the water to give him rest; Hanuman takes the mountain for an obstacle and knocks it down, then gently declines its welcome, and Indra grants Mainaka freedom from fear. The gods send Surasa, mother of the nagas, to test him in a rakshasa's form; he outwits her, passing in and out of her mouth. He kills the shadow-seizing rakshasi Simhika, shrinks to his own form and comes down on Mount Lamba, within sight of Lanka.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

The city's guardian; the night search

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.2.1–5.13.60 (CrEd 5.2.1–5.11.60)

Hanuman lands on Trikuta and sees Lanka, a fortress no army could take, and resolves to enter it by night, made small. At the gate the city's own guardian, Lanka, bars his way; he fells her with his left fist, and she lets him in, for Brahma had told her that a monkey's victory over her would mean ruin for the rakshasas. He searches Ravana's palace room by room, takes Mandodari for Sita and rejects the thought, nearly despairs, and at last, in the Ashoka grove, sees Sita among the rakshasis and weeps for joy.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

Two months

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.18.1–5.22.46 (CrEd 5.16.1–5.20.41)

At the night's end Ravana comes into the Ashoka grove with a hundred women bearing lamps, while Hanuman hides in the leaves above, and he tempts the trembling Sita with riches, a kingdom and himself. With a blade of grass between them she refuses: she is another's wife, as inseparable from Raghava as light from the sun. Ravana gives her two months more, then death, orders the rakshasis to break her will, and is led away by Dhanyamalini.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

The guards; Trijata's dream

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.23.2–5.29.8 (CrEd 5.21.2–5.27.8)

When Ravana has gone back to his palace, the rakshasi guards close round Sita, urge her to be his wife and threaten to eat her; she refuses, weeps, and clings to a flowering branch of the shimshapa where Hanuman hides and listens. Old Trijata wakes and tells them of her dream: Sita in white, joined with Rama, and Ravana dragged to the south and Lanka fallen into the sea, so they should beg Sita’s pardon. In her despair Sita holds the branch, and good omens come to her: her left eye, arm and thigh throb, and she revives like a seed in the rain.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

Found

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.30.1–5.39.14 (CrEd 5.28.1–5.37.13)

From the leaves of the Ashoka tree Hanuman finds Sita, and wins her trust by telling Rama's story softly, then giving her Rama's ring. He offers to carry her away on his back; she refuses, for the victory must be Rama's. She gives him a token only Rama knows, the story of the crow at Chitrakuta, and her jewel.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

Bound; the city burns

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.41.1–5.55.34 (CrEd 5.39.1–5.53.28)

Hanuman wrecks Ravana's grove and fights off the rakshasas, then lets Indrajit's Brahma weapon bind him so that he can face Ravana. In the court he tells the king to give Sita back; Vibhishana saves him from death, and Ravana orders his tail set on fire instead. With the burning tail Hanuman sets Lanka ablaze, fears he has burned Sita too, and learns that she is unharmed.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

The honey garden

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.61.1–5.62.36 (CrEd 5.59.1–5.60.33)

Back from Lanka, Hanuman, Angada and the vanaras leap from Mahendra and come down on Madhuvana, Sugriva's guarded honey grove; with Angada's leave, given at Hanuman's word, they drink and run riot. Its old keeper Dadhimukha, Sugriva's maternal uncle, tries to stop them and is beaten off, and Angada, blind with drink, throws him to the ground. Dadhimukha leaves them be and sets off to tell Sugriva.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

The news returns

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.62.37–6.4.2 (CrEd 5.60.34–6.4.2)

Dadhimukha, keeper of the Madhuvana, flies to Sugriva to complain that Angada's vanaras have ravaged the honey grove, and Sugriva reads in it the sign that Sita has been found and sends for them. Hanuman bows to Rama and tells him the devi is unharmed and constant; Rama embraces him, then despairs before the sea until Sugriva rouses him. Hanuman describes Lanka's defences, and Rama vows to destroy the city.

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Sundara Kanda · சுந்தர காண்டம்

The news

Valmiki · Sundara Kanda
5.65.1–5.68.29 (CrEd 5.63.1–5.66.29)

The vanaras come back to Prasravana and tell Rama Sita's news, and Hanuman gives him the crest-jewel she sent. Rama lays it on his heart and weeps, and asks what she said. Hanuman tells him the token of the crow at Chitrakuta, her plea that Rama win her with his armies, her doubt about crossing the sea, and how he comforted her.

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யுத்த காண்டம்Yuddha Kanda

15 stories

Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The council; Vibhishana cast out

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.6.1–6.36.22 (CrEd 6.6.1–6.27.22)

Shamed by what Hanuman has done to Lanka, Ravana calls his council; his commanders boast that each alone will kill Rama, but Vibhishana begs him to give Sita back. Ravana calls his brother the shame of their clan, and Vibhishana rises into the sky with four rakshasas and leaves him. When Rama's army has crossed, old Malyavan too counsels peace; Ravana refuses to bow, posts his captains at the gates, and goes into his palace, already in the power of Death.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

Refuge

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.17.1–6.19.42 (CrEd 6.11.1–6.13.23)

Cast off by Ravana, his younger brother Vibhishana comes through the sky with four rakshasas and asks the monkeys to tell Rama that he has come to him for refuge. Sugriva and the chiefs counsel suspicion, but Hanuman reads no guile in his face, and Rama vows safety to anyone who comes to him even once, and has Vibhishana consecrated king of the rakshasas. On Vibhishana's counsel, Rama lies down on the kusha-strewn shore to seek refuge with the sea.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The bridge

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.21.1–6.22.87 (CrEd 6.14.1–6.15.33)

For three nights Rama lies on kusha grass by the shore, asking the ocean for a way, and the ocean does not come. In anger he takes up his bow to churn the sea, and the Ocean rises: he cannot go against his nature, but he will bear a bridge, and Nala, son of Vishvakarma, can build it. The monkeys build it, and the gods bless Rama.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

Serpent arrows; Garuda

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.44.1–6.50.65 (CrEd 6.34.1–6.40.64)

Night falls on the battle, and Indrajit, fighting unseen by his illusion, binds Rama and Lakshmana with serpents turned to arrows and leaves them for dead. Rama wakes and laments his brother, Vibhishana steadies the frightened army, and Sushena names the healing herbs; then Garuda comes on a great wind, and at his touch the bonds fall and the brothers rise whole.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

Shown them lying dead, from the sky

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.47.5–6.48.37 (CrEd 6.37.5–6.38.37)

Sure that Indrajit has slain Rama and Lakshmana, Ravana has Sita flown over the battlefield in the Pushpaka with Trijata, and proclaims their death through a Lanka hung with flags. Seeing the brothers lying senseless on beds of arrows, Sita laments that every sign and seer who promised her a long married life spoke falsely. Trijata tells her they live, for their army stands calm and the glow has not left their faces, and Sita, brought back to the Ashoka grove, sinks into the deepest sorrow.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The sleeper woken

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.60.1–6.65.52 (CrEd 6.48.1–6.53.45)

Routed by Rama, Ravana comes back to Lanka shaken and has his brother Kumbhakarna woken from the sleep laid on him by Brahma's curse; the rakshasas rouse him with din and blows and a thousand elephants, and he eats and drinks. Before Ravana he chides his brother for the folly they foresaw in council, then soothes him and vows to kill Rama, scorning Mahodara's scheme. Adorned by Ravana and taking on a giant form, he goes out to battle amid dread omens, driven by the force of Death.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The sleeper falls

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.61.1–6.67.179 (CrEd 6.49.1–6.55.129)

Kumbhakarna, Ravana's giant brother, steps over Lanka's rampart, and the vanara army breaks before him until Angada rallies it. He carries off Sugriva, who tears off his ears and nose and escapes; maddened by blood, the giant devours friend and foe alike. Rama cuts off his arms and feet with the Vayavya and Aindra weapons, and with Indra's arrow takes off his head.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

Both brothers fall; the mountain of herbs

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.73–74 (CrEd 6.60–61)

Indrajit, unseen in the sky, looses Brahma's weapon on the army, and Rama and Lakshmana, honouring the weapon, let themselves fall. That night Vibhishana and Hanuman search the field, and wounded Jambavan asks first whether Hanuman lives. He sends Hanuman to the mountain of herbs between Rishabha and Kailasa.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

Indrajit falls

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.75.4–6.91.27 (CrEd 6.62.4–6.79.17)

After the monkeys set Lanka burning by night, Indrajit comes out with a Sita made of illusion and kills her before Hanuman's eyes, and Rama falls senseless at the news. Vibhishana sees through the trick: Indrajit has gone to Nikumbhila for a fire offering that would make him unconquerable, and can be slain only before it is done. Lakshmana goes with Vibhishana and the army, meets him in open fight, and strikes off his head with the Indra weapon.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

Ravana falls

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.101.6–6.111.104 (CrEd 6.89.1–6.99.44)

Lakshmana, struck down, is revived with the herb from the mountain, and Indra sends Rama his chariot with Matali to drive it. The duel runs on until Matali reminds Rama of Brahma's weapon, and Ravana falls. When Vibhishana will not give his brother the last rites, Rama tells him that enmity ends with death.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The last day; Mandodari's lament

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.110.7–6.111.126 (CrEd 6.98.7–6.99.43)

Ravana lies slain on the field, and his wives come out of the inner palace to mourn him: he would not hear his friends or his brother, and fate has struck them all down. Mandodari, his eldest queen, laments her lord: how could a mere man have killed him, unless his own senses, and his desire for Sita, undid him? At Rama’s word Vibhishana gives his brother the rites and the fire, and consoles the women.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The fire

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.114–119 (CrEd 6.102–107)

After the victory Rama has Sita brought before the army and tells her, harshly, that he fought to clear his name and not for her, and that she may go where she likes. Sita answers him, has Lakshmana build a pyre, and walks into the fire. Agni brings her out unharmed and gives her back; Rama says he knew her heart and did it for the trust of the three worlds, and Dasharatha appears from heaven.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

A messenger from the sky

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.125.1–6.126.55 (CrEd 6.113.1–6.114.46)

From Bharadvaja's ashram Rama sends Hanuman ahead in human form, to tell Guha and Bharata that he is coming home, and to read Bharata's heart. Hanuman finds Bharata near Ayodhya, gaunt, in bark and matted hair, ruling with the sandals before him; at the news Bharata faints for joy, embraces him in tears and offers him gifts. Hanuman tells him all that Rama did in the forest, and that he will see Rama tomorrow.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The brother who waited

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.127.1–52 (CrEd 6.115.1–42)

Hearing from Hanuman that Rama is coming, Bharata has Shatrughna make the road from Nandigram ready, and the whole city goes out with him, the sandals of his brother upon his head. The Pushpaka comes into sight; Bharata bows to Rama, who lifts him onto his lap and embraces him, and greets Lakshmana, Vaidehi, Sugriva and Vibhishana. Then he takes the sandals and fits them to the feet of the lord of men.

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Yuddha Kanda · யுத்த காண்டம்

The coronation

Valmiki · Yuddha Kanda
6.127.16–6.128.106 (CrEd 6.115.14–6.116.90)

Bharata waits for Rama, and Hanuman shows him the Pushpaka coming from afar; the city cries out that this is Rama. Bharata gives back the kingdom he has kept as a trust, and Rama, who refused it at Chitrakuta, now accepts it. He is crowned, Sita gives her necklace to Hanuman, and Rama asks Lakshmana to share the rule as heir.

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உத்தர காண்டம்Uttara Kanda

7 stories

Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

The poem remains

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.40.14–7.111.1 (CrEd 7.39.14–7.100.26)

Hanuman asks to live as long as the story of Rama is heard on the earth, and Rama grants it with his own necklace. After Lakshmana is gone, Rama crowns Kusha and Lava and sets out on the great going-forth, with his brothers, the whole city, the monkeys, bears and rakshasas following him gladly, while Vibhishana and Hanuman stay behind by his command. At the Sarayu, Brahma calls him home, Rama enters the radiance of Vishnu in his body with his brothers, all who followed him reach heaven, and the poem ends: this is the Ramayana, made by Valmiki.

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Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

The whisper; Sita sent away

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.42.1–7.46.10 (CrEd 7.41.1–7.45.9)

In the Ashoka garden Rama learns that Sita is with child and asks her wish: she longs to see the sages’ hermitages by the Ganga, if only for one night, and he promises she will go tomorrow. That evening the jester Bhadra, pressed to speak, tells him the townsfolk question his taking back Sita, who lived in Ravana’s power; Rama calls his brothers, declares her pure, yet for fear of ill fame orders Lakshmana to leave her by Valmiki’s hermitage across the Ganga. At dawn Lakshmana tells Sita he is to take her to the hermitages, and she, full of joy, gathers gifts and makes ready to go.

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Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

Left near the hermitage

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.46.11–7.48.26 (CrEd 7.45.10–7.47.18)

Lakshmana drives Sita, who thinks she is going to visit the hermitages, to the Ganga, and there, weeping, tells her that Rama has abandoned her for fear of the citizens' slander, and that he must leave her near Valmiki's hermitage. Sita refuses to end her life, lest her husband's line be mocked, and sends Rama a message: to treat his people as his brothers. Lakshmana crosses back and goes, and Sita, alone on the bank, weeps aloud in the forest loud with peacocks.

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Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

The woman on the riverbank

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.49.1–24 (CrEd 7.48.1–20)

Weeping alone on the bank of the Ganga, where Lakshmana has left her, Sita is found by the sons of the sages, who run to tell Valmiki of a woman like Shri, crying out in her distress. Knowing by the sight his austerity has won who she is and why she has come, the sage goes down with guest-water, welcomes her as Dasharatha’s daughter-in-law and Janaka’s daughter, and declares her blameless. He leads her to the women ascetics near his hermitage and gives her into their loving care.

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Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

The twins

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.65.1–7.66.14 (CrEd 7.57.1–7.58.12)

On his way west against Lavana, Shatrughna stops for the night at Valmiki's hermitage, where the sage welcomes him as one of the Raghus' own. That same night Sita gives birth to twin sons; Valmiki makes the rite of protection with a fistful of kusha and its cut ends, and names the boys Kusha and Lava. Hearing at midnight of the praise of Rama and of Sita's happy delivery, Shatrughna rejoices, and the rainy night of Shravana passes swiftly for him.

தமிழ் · விரைவில் வருகிறது · The Tamil is coming

The verses are on their way. Read them on the Sources page ›

Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

The golden queen

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.83.1–7.99.8 (CrEd 7.74.1–7.89.4)

Rama, wishing to build a bridge of dharma, proposes the Rajasuya; Bharata turns him from a rite in which the royal houses of the earth would perish, and Lakshmana urges the horse sacrifice, which once cleansed Indra of a brahmin’s slaying. At Naimisha on the Gomati the sacrifice runs a year and more, the monkeys and rakshasas giving without end. Rama takes no other wife: at every sacrifice a golden Janaki stands in the wife’s place.

தமிழ் · விரைவில் வருகிறது · The Tamil is coming

The verses are on their way. Read them on the Sources page ›

Uttara Kanda · உத்தர காண்டம்

The earth opens

Valmiki · Uttara Kanda
7.93.1–7.97.27 (CrEd 7.84.1–7.88.20)

At Rama's horse sacrifice, Valmiki sends two boys, Kusha and Lava, to sing the Ramayana before the king; Rama hears his own story and sees his own face in theirs. He sends word that Sita may prove her purity before the assembly. Valmiki brings her and swears to her innocence and to the twins' birth, and Sita calls on the Earth, which opens for her.

தமிழ் · விரைவில் வருகிறது · The Tamil is coming

The verses are on their way. Read them on the Sources page ›

Credits

Translation: Raam Leela

The Sanskrit is the popular text of Valmiki’s Ramayana, as each scene cites it, checked against the Critical Edition (CrEd, Baroda; GRETIL e-text). The Critical Edition is published by the Oriental Institute, Vadodara.

Verse numbers give the popular text first and the CrEd in brackets. Every translation here is written fresh from the Sanskrit for Raam Leela; none is copied from a published translation.

Voices are made with computer tools; the music comes from our own stage productions.

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